ÿþFelid social systems have been characterized as solitary with all white puma sneakers exclusive territories within the sexes ( Sunquist and Sunquist 2002 ). Females generally occupy a range that encompasses enough prey for themselves and their dependents, whereas ranges of males are defined by maximizing access to females while maintaining enough food for individual survival (e.g., leopards [ Panthera pardus  Mizutani and Jewell 1998 ], tigers [ Panthera tigris  Sunquist 1981 ], and jaguars [ Panthera onca  Schaller and Crawshaw 1980 ; Scognamillo et al. 2002 ]).

A similar problem of inadequate sample sizes and unknown number of individuals is apparent in studies of coexistence between species, which is often explained for carnivores by differentiation of prey selection, activity patterns, or habitat. However, the mechanisms of sympatric coexistence of jaguars and pumas elude such distinctions. Diet studies have shown overlap in food selection across their range, making them potential competitors best puma shoes ( Crawshaw and Quigley 2002 ; Emmons 1987 ; Leite and Galvão 2002 ; Novack et al. 2005 ; Núñez et al. 2000 ; Scognamillo et al. 2003 ; Taber et al. 1997 ).

In this study, we tackled the fundamental issue of small sample sizes in studies of large cats black and gold puma shoes by deploying an extensive network of camera traps to capture timed locations of jaguars and pumas. The unique spot pattern of jaguars allows individual recognition from camera-trap photographs ( Silver et al. 2004 ). Although recognition of individual pumas may be possible under certain circumstances ( Kelly et al. 2008 ), in the present study individual pumas could not be identified with certainty over the long term because of their plain brown coat pattern ( Harmsen 2006 ).

Jaguars were individually identified from photographic captures. Cameras had an enforced 3-min delay between exposures to prevent wasting film on herd-forming species such as peccaries. black puma sandals Each photograph was stamped with the time and date, allowing calculation of time intervals between consecutive captures at the same camera location. To ensure spatiotemporal independence, simultaneously running camera stations were separated by >2 km. Any jaguar or puma captured at 2 stations on a single day was recorded for analysis at only 1 of the stations, chosen at random. Minitab version 14 (Minitab Ltd., Coventry, United Kingdom) was used for all statistical analyses.

Data were used only from camera locations with e"3 captures per single species ( n = 22 camera stations). The runs test was performed on the pooled data set ( n = 853 cat captures). This analysis used only cameras separated by >2 km.Capture frequency of jaguars and pumas was positively correlated at each camera location ( r = 0.65 between log 10 captures, P n = 93) indicating that both species used the same areas ( Fig. 4a ). However, jaguars and pumas did not appear to use the same areas at the same time: capture rates of jaguars and pumas were never simultaneously high at the same location within the same month ( Fig. 4b ; Pearson correlation between logio nonzero captures, r = 0.09, P = 0.17, n = 258). burgundy puma shoes

This suggests the possibility of an inverse relationship of the sort jaguar × puma = constant. However, log 10 (month/jaguar) was not correlated with log 10 (puma/month) ( r = 0.08, P = 0.35). The capture rates per location-month thus were uncorrelated but not simultaneously high in general. No single location biased the pattern in Fig. 4b , with correlations for individual camera locations of "0.8 r <� 0.5, indicating no fixed relation between capture rates at any given location.The interval between consecutive jaguar captures did not differ significantly from that between consecutive puma captures ( Table 1 ).